Government & Regulatory Affairs in the United States

Full guide · Source-checked research100% of statements checked against a source127 checked against an official source2 checked against a secondary sourceChecked 2026-10-19Not yet professionally reviewed

• A US business enterprise must file the mandatory BEA BE-13 survey when a foreign entity acquires a direct or indirect voting interest of at least 10 percent in it or establishes a new US legal entity, no later than 45 days after the acquisition, establishment or expansion.

  Federal (Bureau of Economic Analysis). BEA states all its surveys of foreign direct investment in the US are mandatory and confidential.US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) · checked 2026-10-18

• CFIUS, chaired by the Secretary of the Treasury, reviews covered transactions for national security risk; filing is largely voluntary but a declaration is mandatory for certain transactions in which a foreign government acquires a substantial interest and certain transactions involving critical technologies.

  Federal. Mandatory declaration rules at 31 C.F.R. 800.401, introduced under FIRRMA; statutory basis is section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950. Detail is covered in the transactions area.Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), US Department of the Treasury · checked 2026-10-18

• The Secretary of Agriculture may take part in CFIUS reviews, case by case, of covered transactions involving agricultural land, agricultural biotechnology or the agriculture industry.

  Federal. Land acquisitions may also be subject to state-level restrictions, which were not confirmed.Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), US Department of the Treasury · checked 2026-10-18

• Where CFIUS finds unresolved national security risks it may negotiate mitigation agreements or conditions or refer the case to the President, and parties that receive completed action obtain a safe harbour.

  Federal.Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), US Department of the Treasury · checked 2026-10-18

• Gains and losses of a foreign person from US real property interests are treated as effectively connected income.

  Federal tax rule affecting foreign owners of US real estate (FIRPTA).Internal Revenue Service (IRS) · checked 2026-10-18

• Rental income from US real property paid to a foreign person is FDAP income, taxed at 30% or a lower treaty rate unless treated as effectively connected income.

  Federal. Gains from the sale of real property are excluded from FDAP.Internal Revenue Service (IRS) · checked 2026-10-18

• The California Consumer Privacy Act applies to for-profit businesses doing business in California that have gross annual revenue over 25 million US dollars, or buy, sell or share personal information of 100,000 or more California residents or households, or derive 50% or more of annual revenue from selling California residents' personal information.

  State law (California), not federal. Any one threshold is enough. Nonprofits and government agencies are generally not covered. The revenue figure is adjusted for inflation by regulation; the current adjusted figure was not confirmed on the source page.State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General · checked 2026-10-18

• Under the CCPA, consumers have rights to know, delete, correct, opt out of the sale or sharing of their personal information (including through a browser-based global privacy control) and limit the use of sensitive personal information.

  California residents. Rights are subject to statutory exceptions.State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General · checked 2026-10-18

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