Technology, Data & Cyber in the United States

Full guide · Source-checked research100% of statements checked against a source127 checked against an official source2 checked against a secondary sourceChecked 2026-10-19Not yet professionally reviewed

• The California Consumer Privacy Act applies to for-profit businesses doing business in California that have gross annual revenue over 25 million US dollars, or buy, sell or share personal information of 100,000 or more California residents or households, or derive 50% or more of annual revenue from selling California residents' personal information.

  State law (California), not federal. Any one threshold is enough. Nonprofits and government agencies are generally not covered. The revenue figure is adjusted for inflation by regulation; the current adjusted figure was not confirmed on the source page.State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General · checked 2026-10-18

• Under the CCPA, consumers have rights to know, delete, correct, opt out of the sale or sharing of their personal information (including through a browser-based global privacy control) and limit the use of sensitive personal information.

  California residents. Rights are subject to statutory exceptions.State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General · checked 2026-10-18

• The CCPA is enforced by the California Attorney General and the California Privacy Protection Agency; consumers can sue directly only after certain data breaches caused by a failure to maintain reasonable security, with statutory damages of up to 750 US dollars per incident.

  Private action requires written notice and a 30-day cure period before suit. Applies to nonencrypted, nonredacted personal information.State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General · checked 2026-10-18

• California's regulations on cybersecurity audits, risk assessments and automated decision-making technology, together with other CCPA regulation updates, took effect on 1 January 2026.

  California. Adopted by the California Privacy Protection Agency board on 24 July 2025 and filed with the Secretary of State on 22 September 2025. Some obligations are phased in after 1 January 2026; the phased dates were not confirmed on the page read.California Privacy Protection Agency · checked 2026-10-18

• All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands have laws requiring notification of individuals when a security breach involves personal information.

  State and territorial laws; definitions, deadlines and regulator notice duties differ by state.National Conference of State Legislatures · checked 2026-10-18

• The US Department of Justice Data Security Program, issued under Executive Order 14117 and codified at 28 CFR Part 202, took effect on 8 April 2025 and prohibits or restricts certain transactions that give countries of concern or covered persons access to Americans' bulk sensitive personal data or US government-related data.

  Federal. Applies to US persons, including US companies and their staff. Due-diligence, audit and reporting duties for restricted transactions took effect on 5 October 2025 per the DOJ page.US Department of Justice, National Security Division · checked 2026-10-18

• The countries of concern under the Data Security Program are China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia and Venezuela.

  Federal. China includes Hong Kong and Macau under the rule's definitions (not confirmed on the section read). Covered persons also include entities owned, controlled or directed by these countries and individuals primarily resident in them.Office of the Federal Register (eCFR) · checked 2026-10-18

• Data Security Program bulk thresholds, counted over the preceding 12 months, are more than 100 US persons for human genomic data, more than 1,000 US persons for other human omic data and biometric identifiers, more than 1,000 US devices for precise geolocation data, more than 10,000 US persons for personal health or personal financial data, and more than 100,000 US persons for covered personal identifiers.

  Federal. Government-related data is covered regardless of volume.Office of the Federal Register (eCFR) · checked 2026-10-18

Read the full guide: Data protection, cross-border data and cybersecurity